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    Factors affecting ammonia volatilization from broiler litter

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    etd-07082010-153424.pdf (1.016 Mb )
    Date
    7/8/2010
    Author
    Miles, Dana McGee
    Item Type
    Dissertation
    Advisor
    Cathcart, Thomas
    Rowe, Dennis
    Committee
    To, Filip
    Kidd, Michael
    French, Todd
    Metrics
    
    Abstract
    Loss of ammonia from broiler litter degrades air quality, decreases litter fertilizer value, and can have negative health consequences for birds and their caretakers. Rates of NH3 emission from broiler houses are complicated by interrelated management and environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, house style, ventilation rate,bird age, litter conditions, litter characteristics, and cleanout schedule. Wide variations inemission rates necessitate further investigation of litter characteristics and abatement techniques. The research was designed to clarify the impact of moisture effects that are critical to emissions for poultry litter, in conjunction with bedding type and temperature. Experiments were conducted on litter samples in the laboratory using anacid trap method for determining NH3 losses. Statistical models were developed for predicting release from each bedding material and within the range of litter moistureand temperatures found in commercial broiler houses. This allowed development of relationships that describe the effects of bedding, moisture, time, and temperature on litter generation that have not been published previously. First, type of bedding material was investigated within a limited scope of moisture contents. The results indicated that increasing moisture increases generation from litter. Literature supports the phenomenon that greater litter moisture content up to apoint elicits greater release. At the original moisture content, sand and vermiculite litters generated the most, whereas wood shavings, commercial, and rice hull. Second, an extended range of litter moisture contents (20 – 55%) was investigated while including temperature (18.3 – 40.6 °C) effects. Experiments were conducted using built-up commercial broiler litter from multiple flocks. Response surfaces were parabolic cylinders, indicating maximum production was between 37.4 and 51.5% litter moisture depending on temperature. Comparing the temperature extremes, the maximum up to 7 times greater at 40.6 vs. 18.3 °C. This research defines intermediate critical moisture levels in broiler litter where NH3 is maximized, providing target areasfor researchers and the poultry industry to develop management scenarios to reduce from litter.
    Degree
    Doctor of Philosophy
    Major
    Biomedical Engineering
    College
    Bagley College of Engineering
    Department
    Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.
    URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/11668/15479
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    Mississippi State University Libraries
    395 Hardy Rd
    P.O. Box 5408, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5408
    (662) 325-7668
    (662) 325-0011
    (662) 325-8183
    Contact repository admin Report a problem Terms of use Privacy policy Accessibility MSU Legal
     

     

    Mississippi State University Libraries
    395 Hardy Rd
    P.O. Box 5408, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5408
    (662) 325-7668
    (662) 325-0011
    (662) 325-8183
    Contact repository admin Report a problem Terms of use Privacy policy Accessibility MSU Legal